High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is basically a highly improved form of column liquid chromatography. It is an analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture. Instead of a solvent being allowed to run through a column under gravity, it is forced through under high pressures (400 atm). That makes it much faster. Including HPLC all chromatographic separations works under the same basic principle; Because of the difference in the relative affinities of different molecules for the mobile phase and stationary phase used in this separation will separate the sample into its respective components.
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