The DHT11 sensor uses two main components to measure temperature and humidity: a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor. The humidity sensor measures the amount of moisture in the air, while the thermistor measures the temperature. When the temperature or humidity changes, the resistance of the thermistor or the capacitance of the humidity sensor changes accordingly, causing a change in the electrical signal. The sensor then converts these changes into a digital signal that can be read by a microcontroller. The DHT11 sensor uses a single-wire interface to communicate with the microcontroller. The sensor sends a signal to the microcontroller, which triggers the sensor to take a reading. The sensor then sends the reading back to the microcontroller, which can be used to control other devices or display the temperature and humidity values.
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