Sandeep Kumar Vashist
Graphene: Emerging Trends, Prospects and Challenges
Graphene has been extensively used in numerous multifarious applications during the last decade due to its unique properties, which include large surface-to-volume ratio, unique optical properties, excellent electrical conductivity, high carrier mobility, high carrier density, high thermal conductivity, room temperature Hall effect, ambipolar field-effect characteristics, high signal-to-noise ratio, and extremely high mechanical strength. It is a two-dimensional planar sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms packed densely in a honeycomb crystal lattice. The mass production of graphene is done by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical or thermal reduction of graphene oxide. Several chemical modification, biomolecular immobilization and nanocomposite formation strategies for graphene have also been developed.